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Report

Call for submissions on draft general comment No. 27 on children’s rights to access to justice and effective remedies

Issued by

CRC

Report

Issued by Treaty bodies

Subjects

Administration of justice, Children's rights

Symbol Number

CRC/C/GC/27

Background

The Committee on the Rights of the Child is currently drafting general comment No. 27 on children’s rights to access to justice and effective remedies.

In May 2024, the Committee issued a call for submissions inviting all interested parties to provide contributions to clarify terms, approaches and actions States should take in order to implement the right of all children to access justice and effective remedies. The Committee also invited stakeholders to conduct consultations and submit its outcomes through an online form.

The Committee received 315 submissions as well as outcomes from over 141 consultations held on the general comment, of which over 82 consultations involved the participation of at least 7,215 children.

Inputs Received
Inputs Received

Submissions and consultations on the concept (2024)

States

Albania

Argentina

Armenia

Austria

Cameroon

China

Colombia

Denmark

Egypt

Iran

Israel

Italy

Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Lithuania

Malta

Mauritius

Namibia

Montenegro

Portugal

Qatar

Romania

Saudi Arabia

Singapore

Slovakia

Spain

Türkiye

Judicial and prosecutorial bodies

Argentina - Oficina de Derechos Humanos y Justicia del Poder Judicial de Córdoba

Argentina - Procurador General de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Santa Fe

Panama - Unidad de Acceso a la Justicia y Género del Órgano Judicial de Panamá and Instituto de Derechos Humanos, Justicia y Paz (Universidad de Panamá)

United Kingdom - Health and Education Chamber of the First-tier Tribunal for Scotland

Regional organizations and United Nations agencies and mechanisms

Council of Europe, Children’s Rights Division

European Union

Office of the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict

Organization of American States, Inter-American Children's Institute: English version | Spanish version

UNICEF Denmark

UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Office

UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office

UNICEF Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office, UNICEF Chile and Office of the Ombudsman for Children of Chile

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

National institutions, including human rights institutions and children’s commissioners

Australian Human Rights Commission

Austrian Children and Youth Ombuds Offices

Chief Ombudsman of New Zealand

Children and Young People’s Commissioner Scotland

Comisión de Derechos Humanos de la Ciudad de México

Commission for Gender Equality of South Africa

Commission nationale consultative des droits de l’homme de France

Danish Institute for Human Rights

Defensoría de los Derechos de la Niñez de Chile

Federal Public Defenders' Office of Brazil

Federal Public Defenders' Office of Brazil - Working Group on Assistance to the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities

Federal Public Defenders' Office of Brazil - Working Group on Healthcare

German Institute for Human Rights

German Institute for Human Rights and German Children’s Fund

Grupo Nacional de Derechos Humanos vinculado al Consejo Nacional de Procuradores Generales de los Ministerios Públicos de los Estados y de la Unión

Human Rights and Equality Institution of Türkiye

Human Rights Commission of the Maldives

Ministerio Público de la Defensa de la República Argentina

Ministerio Público Tutelar de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires

National Human Rights Commission including the Committee for the Prevention of Torture of Lebanon

Northern Ireland Office of the Commissioner for Children and Young People

Norwegian National Human Rights Institution

Ombudsman for Children in Finland

Ombudsman for Children’s Office in Ireland

Ombudsman of Portugal

Ombudsperson for Children of the Republic of Croatia

Procuración Penitenciaria de la Nación Argentina

Public Defender’s Office of the State of Rio de Janeiro

Queensland Family and Child Commission, Australia

Scottish Public Services Ombudsman

Specialized Center of Children's Rights of the Public Defender's Office of the State of São Paulo

Children’s and youth groups 

Movimiento Por Ser Niña Ecuador, organizations of girls and adolescents in Latin America and the Caribbean and Center for Reproductive Rights: English version | Spanish version

Other stakeholders

"Hope For Children" CRC Policy Center

Abhyansh Gaurav, Suryapratap Singh Solanki, Harshvardhan Tyagi

Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement

Abraham Ename Minko (Istanbul University)

African Child Policy Forum

Afya na Haki

AIRE Centre

Alana Institute

Alana Institute, Brazilian Federation of Down Syndrome Associations, Rodrigo Mendes Institute, Mais Diferenças - Inclusive Education and Culture, Jô Clemente Institute and Vidas Negras com Deficiência Importam (Black Lives with Disabilities Matter)

Alianza Iberoamericana para el Acceso a Justicia

Allies for Children

Ana Luísa Orlandi Maryssael de Campos (Leiden University)

Anis - Instituto de Bioética et al

Anna Trennepohl

Annemarie Graf-van Kesteren (Protestant University of Applied Sciences Ludwigsburg)

Anti-Slavery Australia (University of Technology Sydney)

ARCH Disability Law Centre

Arrêt de la psychiatrie forcée collectif

Article 39

Asociación Noves Vies

Association humanitaire ELITE FUTUR

Association les Amis des Enfants

Association of Reintegration of Crimea

ASTRA - Anti-trafficking Action

AsyLex

Asylum Access Mexico

Australian Child Rights Taskforce

Australian Child Rights Taskforce - Policy Working Group

Autonomous Women's House Zagreb and Centre for Women War Victims - ROSA

Avocat-e-s de l’enfant Suisse

Børns Vilkår

British Institute of International and Comparative Law

Broken Chalk

Bulgarian National Network for Children

Canadian Bar Association

Canadian Centre for Child Protection Inc.

Canadian Coalition for the Rights of Children

Cattanach

Center for Ensuring Children’s Best Interests “Article 3”

Center for Gender & Refugee Studies (University of California College of the Law, San Francisco)

Center for International Environmental Law

Center for Reproductive Rights

Centre for Child Law (University of Pretoria, South Africa)

Centre for Children and Young People of the Faculty of Health (Southern Cross University, Australia)

Centre for Sport & Human Rights

Centro de Estudios en Derechos Humanos de la Facultad de Derecho (Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires)

Centro de Promoción y Defensa de los Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos

Child Friendly Justice European Network

Child Helpline International, ECPAT International, Eurochild, International Social Service, Tzuby’s Kids and World Without Orphans Europe

Child Identity Protection: English version | French version | Spanish version

Child Law Network (United Kingdom)

Child Rights Clinic (Jindal Global Law School)

Child Rights Coalition Asia

Child Rights Connect - Working group on children with incarcerated parents

Child Rights International Network

Children 1st

Children and Young People’s Centre for Justice

Children of Incarcerated Caregivers and Global Prison Nursery Network

Children of Prisoners Europe

Children’s Law Centre (Northern Ireland)

Civil Society in the Penal System Association

Clan Childlaw

Clínica Jurídica y Responsabilidad Social de la Facultad de Derecho (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú) and Equity for Children (The New School)

Clínicas Jurídicas de Movilidad Humana Transfronteriza y Grupo de Acciones Públicas de la Facultad de Jurisprudencia (Universidad del Rosario de Colombia)

Coalición contra la vinculación de niñas, niños y jóvenes al conflicto armado en Colombia and Oficina internacional de los Derechos del Niño: English version | Spanish version

Colectivo AntiSAP and Asociación Civil El Paso

Colectivo de Derechos de Infancia y Adolescencia

Colombia Diversa

Committee for Justice

Community Law & Mediation

Consortium for Street Children

Coram Children's Legal Centre

Corporación Jurídica Yira Castro

Corporación La Caleta

Cristiana M. Dominguez and Víctor Jesús Gonzáles Jáuregui

Cubalex

Dawn Watkins (University of Sheffield)

Defence for Children International

Defence for Children International - Canada

Defence for Children International - Italy

Défense des Enfants International Belgique

DIDH.UFRGS afiliado a la Facultad de Derecho (Universidad Federal del Rio Grande del Sur)

Disability Rights International

Early Institute

ECPAT International

ECPAT Sweden

eLiberare Association

Elizabeth A. Faulkner (Keele University)

Empowering Children Foundation

Enys Delmage (Mental Health, Addiction & Intellectual Disability Service, New Zealand)

Equal Education Law Centre

Equality Now

Eulalia W. Petit de Gabriel and Iraida A. Giménez (Universidad de Sevilla)

Extranjeristas en Red

Families Outside

Family for Every Child, Children's Rights Alliance Aotearoa New Zealand, Aviva, Pillars, Ka Pou Whakahou and VOYCE Whakarongo-Mai

Family Solutions Group

Fédération Togolaise des Associations de Personnes Handicapées

Feminist Legal Clinic Inc.

Free a Girl and Children's Rights Challenge Foundation

Fundación Crea Equidad

Fundación para la Democracia Internacional

Fundación Pro Bono

Fundación Quitu Raymi and Pablo Ernesto Coloma Villacís

Fundación UNNIDO

Gadiraju Lakshmi Narasimhan (Indian Institute of Human Rights)

Geneva Centre for Human Rights Advancement and Global Dialogue

Global Survivors Fund

Good Neighbors

Group Development Pakistan

Grupo de Información en Reproducción Elegida

HAQ: Centre for Child Rights

Hong Kong Committee on Children’s Rights

Human Rights Clinic (Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Brazil)

Human Rights Watch

Huw Williams (Exeter University), Hope Kent (Exeter University) and Frances Sheahan

ILGA World, 17 Mayis Association (Türkiye), galck* (Kenya), Mayako Pahichan Nepal, Commonwealth Youth Gender Equality Network (United Kingdom) and Sustainable Impact for Youth Awareness Foundation (Nigeria)

India Child Protection

INFAJUS Chile: English version | Spanish version

InfoMIE

Iniciativa Americana por la Justicia

Institute for Inspiring Children’s Futures at the University of Strathclyde and the Global Initiative on Justice With Children

Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion and European Network on Statelessness

Asociación Internacional de Juristas de Derecho de Familia

International Association of Youth and Family Judges and Magistrates

International Center for Not-for-Profit Law

International Coalition for the Children of Incarcerated Parents

International Disability Alliance

International Disability and Development Consortium Childs Rights Task Group

International Humanitarian Law and Youth Initiative

International Law Commission of the Brazilian Bar Association at Rio de Janeiro et al

International Rescue Committee

International Social Service

Ipas Partners for Reproductive Justice

iProbono India

Iretiola Albinism Unity Network

Irish Penal Reform Trust

Joannahuset

Justice for Children and Youth

Kathryn Hollingsworth (Newcastle University) and Helen Stalford (University of Liverpool)

Kids in Need of Defense

Latifa Boujallabia

Law Council of Australia

Legal Research Consortium

London Legal Group, Human Rights Association - Diyarbakir Branch, The Association of Lawyers for Freedom and The Foundation for Society and Legal Studies

Maat for Peace, Development and Human Rights

Macedonian Young Lawyers Association

Malhotra & Malhotra Associates

Margarita Griesbach Guizar

María Del Pilar Gómez, Juan Martín Iguerategui and Santiago Amilcar Travaglio (Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Buenos Aires)

María Lucila Mendoza

Maurice Blackburn Pty Ltd

Meda Couzens (Western Sydney University)

Memorial Human Rights Defense Center, Anti-Discrimination Centre Memorial and OVD-Info

Mesa de Trabajo Iberoamericana sobre Justicia Juvenil Restaurativa

Methoria

MINBYUN - Lawyers for a Democratic Society, Dongcheon Foundation, Duroo - Association for Public Interest Law, International Child Rights Center, ONYUL - Assoc. for Public Interest Law, Chayeon Kim (Onmaeul), Juhyung Jung (Onmaeul) and Dongcheol Kim

Minseon Kim and Ha Yeon Yoo

Mirjam Werlen (Swiss Section, International Commission of Jurists)

Movimiento “Niñas No Madres”

National Association of Friendship Centres

National Council of the General Public Defenders of Brazil

Nederlandse Juristen Comité voor de Mensenrechten

Nigerian Association of Family Court Judges, Magistrates and Other Practitioners

Norwegian Organisation for Asylum Seekers

NOVA School of Law

Nuffield Family Justice Observatory

Ofeh-Mamuzoh Angela

Oficina de Defensoría de los Derechos de la Infancia

OPCION Chile

Ordo Iuris Institute for Legal Culture

Organisation Dupont pour le Développement Social

Partners for Transparency

Pause e Pense

Penal Reform International

Physicians for Human Rights and Cardozo Law Institute in Holocaust and Human Rights

Plan International Brazil

Plataforma de Infancia

Programa La Justicia va a la Escuela

Project Disarmed Childhood

Red de Litigantes LGBTI+ de las Américas and Coalición LGBTTTI & de Trabajadoras con trabajo ante la OEA

Red de Universidades por la Infancia y la Adolescencia de España and Red de Universidades por la Infancia de Chile

Rede Anthera (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul) et al

Redes da Maré

Regional University of Blumenau, Brazil

Reprieve

Restart Center for Rehabilitation of Victims of Violence and Torture

Restorative Justice Nederland

Sahrawi NGO Coalition

Sandra Mara Fuentes

Save the Children International

Save the Children Sweden

Save the Children, Plan International Thailand and Isaan Gender Diversity Network

Scottish Child Law Centre

SECTION27

Seminario Permanente de Derechos Humanos SUAYED (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México)

Shonaquip Social Enterprise

Silvia Zega

Sindicato de Trabajadores Judiciales de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires

SNAICC - National Voice for Our Children

Solidarity with OTHERS

Stichting Justice Initiative

Strategic Litigation and Public Interest Clinic (Catholic University of Pernambuco) and National Association of Centers for the Defense of Child and Adolescent Rights

Support Network for Detainees and their Families, Hazavárunk Foundation and Hungarian Helsinki Committee

Tacteennaeil_ECPAT Korea

Talking Trouble Aotearoa NZ

Terre des hommes Foundation: English version | French version

Thai Lawyers for Human Rights

The Advocates for Human Rights

The Association of Mixed Race Irish

The Backbone Collective

The CRADLE, The Children Foundation

The IREDE Foundation

Therese Nicole Franklin (University of Southern California)

Together (Scottish Alliance for Children’s Rights)

Ton Liefaard and Rehana Dole (Leiden University)

Uniting Church in Australia, Synod of Queensland and Synod of Victoria and Tasmania

University Child rights Institute of the Faculty of Law (Anton de Kom University of Suriname)

University of Nottingham Human Rights Law Centre on behalf of the Advancing Child Rights Strategic Litigation Project

Valeria Ariana Bruzon Horna

Validity Foundation, Mental Health Perspectives, PIC, Kera Foundation and Network of Independent Experts

Veronika Fikfak and Naomi Lott (University College London)

Vipla Foundation

War Child Alliance

Women’s Link Worldwide

Working Group on Identity Rights: English version | French version | Spanish version

World Organisation against Torture

Xumek - Asociación Civil por la Promoción y Protección de los Derechos Humanos

Youth Law Australia

Consultations

List of organizations who supported children’s participation in consultations

Australian Muslim Advocacy Network Ltd

Central Union for Child Welfare

Children of Incarcerated Caregivers and Global Prison Nursery Network

Consejo Nacional de Fiscales Generales de los Ministerios Públicos de los Estados y de la Unión

Counsel to Secure Justice, UNICEF and S.K. Malik Chair on Access to Justice (National Law University, Delhi)

Defence for Children International

Durham Community Action Group

ECPAT International: input-1 | input-2 | input-3

Hanoi Law University, Ho Chi Minh Law University, Judicial Academy, Vietnam National University School of Law, University of Procuracy and Police Academy

Heirs To Our Ocean and Petitioners of Children vs Climate Crisis

International Commission of Jurists

International-Lawyers.Org and University of Makeni (Sierra Leone)

Ministério Público do Estado de Minas Gerais

Scabelum

South African National Child Rights Coalition and South African Disability Alliance

Terre des hommes Lausanne Foundation: input-1 | input-2 | input-3 | input-4 | input-5 | input-6 | input-7

Terre des hommes Lausanne Foundation and Abu Teek Center

UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Office: input-1 | input-2 | input-3

UNICEF Guyana

UNICEF Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office

UNICEF Pacific, OHCHR Pacific Regional Office and Ministry of Women, Children and Social Protection of Fiji

University of the Philippines Institute of Human Rights

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